Desktop computers are often controlled by computer mice and/or keyboards while laptops often have a pointing stick or touchpad, and smartphones and tablet computers have a touchscreen. There have been a few significant breakthroughs in terms of use, but the same organizational metaphors and interaction idioms are still in use. There have been important technological achievements, and enhancements to the general interaction in small steps over previous systems. Several vendors have created their own windowing systems based on independent code, but with basic elements in common that define the WIMP "window, icon, menu and pointing device" paradigm. The history of the graphical user interface, understood as the use of graphic icons and a pointing device to control a computer, covers a five-decade span of incremental refinements, built on some constant core principles. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. This article's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.
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